Combination changing lock



Sept 23, 1947. E. A. scHAcHlNGER. 2,427,314

, COMBINATION CHANGING* LOCK v original Filed oct. 21. 1941 TTOR N EYPatented Sept. 23, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Original applicationOctober 21, 1941, Serial No. 415,683. Divided and this application May17, 1945, Serial No. 594,231

(Cl. '7G-383) 21 Claims.

This invention relates to combination locks and particularly to suchlocks in which the combination may be changed to require different keysfor the operation of the lock.

The invention especially relates to such combination changing locks thatmay be used for watchmans signalling systems for the purpose ofrequiring the watchman to make his tour of a series of stations in apredetermined order and correctly to operate the stations to transmitsignals to a central or supervisingstation.

It is an object of the invention to provide a lock in which in eachoperation of the lock the combination is changed so as to require adifferent key for the next operation of the lock.

It is another object of the invention to provide a lock in which withthe proper key the combination will be changed as intended in the normaloperation of the lock and in which, if a different key is used, changeof the combination will be prevented, with the result that in the nextattempted operation of the lock intended to be effected by a differentkey of particular form for said operation the lock will fail to operate.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a lock in which thecombination may be changed to any one of a plurality of combinations bymeans of a master key without disassembling the lock.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide a lock in whichthe combination may be changed asabove mentioned and of suchconstruction that it readily may be contained within and connected tothe operating parts of a sig-A, nalling station of a watchmanssignalling system to operate said parts upon the operation of the lock.

It is a feature ofthe invention that, in a combination lock having aplurality of pin tumblers engageable by a key inserted in the keyway ofthe lock, a combination determining element as-V sociated with the pintumbler magazine is utilized which is movable toa plurality ofcombination determining positions, movement of said elementfromone'position to another being effected by means operativelyconnecting the element to theekeyway shaft or key plug in which thekeyway is formed. The combination determining element may bein the formof a sleeve extending about or surrounding a core which constitutes thetumbler magazine containing the tumbler pins'of the lock, this sleevebeing separate from and movable relative to the keyway shaft. Theoperative connection between the keyway sh-aft and the sleeve is soconstructed and arranged that 2 the lock may be operated by rotating thekeyway shaft by means ofl the keyl in the ordinary operation of the lockand thereafter the key and the keyway shaft may be reversely rotated'toits original position in the usual manner, the change in the combinationbeing effected in these operations. In such movement of the key and keyway shaft, the sleeve is moved relativeto the core to a newcombination'determining position with respect to the pin tumblers,thisbeing also a new position with respect to the-keywayshaft. Thisarrangement and this relation of the parts makes it possible-to'applythe invention in a lock of the usual pin tumbler and key plugconstruction.

The pin tumbler magazine may be in the form of a cylinder surrounded bya cylindrical sleeve in the manner described in'my U. S. Patent No.1,967,042, dated July 17, 1934. This sleeve is provided with a pluralityof rows of apertures extending along the length of the sleeve, theseveral apertures in each row each being in a plane extending transverseto the axis of the sleeve and core through a pin tumbler. Thearrangement, and, if desired, the number, ofthe apertures in each row isdifferent from that of the other rows so that a different set of the pintumblers is retained in the magazine by the sleeve and prevented frompassing through the apertures for engagement with the key in eachposition of the sleeve while those which effect locking project throughother apertures of the sleeve.

For the purposes of the invention the keyway shaft or key plug may beprovided withpinways into which the pin tumblers extending through thecombination determining apertures of the sleeve which register with saidpinways may enter for engagement with the key. In the preferred form ofthe invention, additional pins are placed in these pinwaysof Ythe keywayshaft to engage the key and actas intermediary members properly toposition theV pin tumblers of the respective combinations for unlockingoperation of the lock. In one embodiment of fthe invention shown in thedrawing the'keyway shaft may be so formed in relation to the` pinstherewithin that with a master key initial movement of the key- Wayshaft in the operation of the lock may take place to bring all thetumbler pins which project through the sleeve to unlocking position andthereafter movement of the combination determining element may beeffected to change the combination. In this embodiment of the inventionthe tumbler magazine provides a plurality of combinations'which may beselected by 3 operation of the lock with the combination changing masterkey. The ordinary actuation of the lock will be effected by a keysuitable for the set combination without change in the combination.

It is a further feature of the invention that means are provided forretaining the tumbler combination element or sleeve in the position towhich it is advanced in the operation of the lock when the key and thekeyway shaft are returned to their initial position in the ordinarymanner of operating such a lock, thus to maintain the lock in thesetting of the new combination.

It is also a feature of the invention that the key itself may form partof the means for establishing the operative connection between the key-Way shaft and the tumbler combination determining element or sleeve forchanging the comlbination. The combination, therefore, may not bechanged without the use of a proper key.

The locks of the invention are particularly suitable for use in theseveral signalling or tour stations of watchmans signalling systemswherein it is desired to prescribe the watchmans route or tour bysetting the order of 'visiting the stations, or where it is desirable orrequisite that the combination requiring a different key be changeableat Will in one or more of the locks of the various stations in order tocircumvent fraudA or tampering or to overcome negligence and loss ortheft of keys.

The lock of the invention in which automatic change of the combinationis accomplished in each operation of the lock requiring a different keyfor the next operation thereof is particularly adaptable to systems ofthis type for the purpose o f insuring that the watchman makes his tourof the stations of the system along a predetermined route and that heoperates the stations in the desired predetermined order. This isaccomplished by arranging the route in accordance with the succession ofcombinations as determined by the combination determining element orsleeve. That is to say, the locks of the several stations initially areset so that the order of the combinations of the locks, as the watchmanproceeds along his route to the successive stations, is that of thecombinations embodied in the combination determining element. Thissuccession, therefore, may be the succession established by thearrangements of the apertures in the successive rows of apertures insaid element or sleeve. Each of the stations successively visited thuswill require a different key for its operation and the keys must be usedin the proper order. The lock of this automatic combination changingform may be used in the stations of the watchmans system described in mycopending application Serial No. 415,863, led October 21, 1941, nowPatent No. 2,376,389, dated May 22, 1945, of which this presentapplication is a division, with the advantages set forth in saidcopending application.

In utilizing in a watchmans system, and particularly in the systemdescribed in said @opending application Serial No. 415,863, theembodiment of the invention in which the lock is of the multiplecombination type wherein the tumbler combination can only be changed bya combination changing master key, only one regular operating key isused by the watchman, Since, however, there are a large number ofcombinations available as determined by the apertured sleeve, wheneverdesired the superintendent or other authorized person may actuate thelock of each station with the combination changing master key to a newcombination which may be the same for all of the stations and thusrequire a new operating key but only a single key or may be differentfor different stations, the locks of one or more stations being set tothe same or a different combination from the previous setting. Anypreviously prescribed keys or succession of keys, therefore, will be ofno avail for correct operation of the system.

The locks of the invention are suitable for other uses, for example, insafes, lockers and other applications where, in order to preventsuccessful tampering, the combination may be changed in each operationof the lock. For doors of apartments and public buildings and oiiiceswhere it is desirable, for example, to prevent operation of the lock bymeans of an unreturned key which has been given to a previous tenant oroilice worker the multiple combination form utilizing a master key forchanging the combination is particularly suitable.

Other objects and features of the invention will appear fromY thedescription to follow of the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an automatic key combinationchanging lock shown with an operating key inserted therein;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the lock shown in Fig. 1 with thekey removed and the lock locked;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the keyway shaft of the lock shown in Figs. 1and 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of another form lof multiplecombination lock in which a master key is used to change thecombination;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional View taken substantially along line 55 ofFig. 1; also of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a combination changing sleeve of thelocks shown in Figs. 1 to 5;

Figjl is a perspective View of the keyway shaft used in the lock shownin Fig. 4;

Fig. 8 is a View of the lock shown in Fig. 4 with the key removed and ina combination to which it has beenvchanged by operation of the masterkey in Fig. 4; l

Fig. 9 is the same view as Fig. 8 with a regular operating key shown inthe lock.

In Figs. 1, 2, 3, V5 and 6 of the drawings, an automatic combinationlock I is disclosed which among other uses is particularly suitable forthe transmitter station or the preliminary stations of a watchmanssignalling system so as to require the watchman to make his routinetrips to the several stations in a predetermined .sequence ashereinbefore mentioned. The automatic lock comprises a barrel 3 withinwhich are mounted respectively in bores 6 and 8 the keyway shaft 5 and apin tumbler magazine 'I of the lock. The magazine 'I has a row ofsockets 9 each containing a pin I0 and a spring II. Surrounding themagazine l and rotatably fitting thereto and to the bore 8 is a'combination changing sleeve I3 which is provided with a plurality oflongitudinal rows I5 of apertures I'I (Fig. 6). Each aperture I'I iscircumferentially in line with a pin tumbler I0. 'Ihe lock asillustrated has eight pin tumblers. There are, therefore, eightcircumferential lines, as indicated by the numerals I to 8 inclusive inFig. 6, upon which apertures II may fall. In other words, there areeight aperture positions along each longitudinal line of apertures inthe sleeve I3, any combination of which may be employed to form anygiven row I5 of apertures cooperating with corresponding pins I0. Thenumber of rows I 5 is limited only by the circumference 'of the sleeveAI 3 and-,they sizefofth'e apertures I'I necessary1 fonpins'offpracticalsizer The particular sleeve shownfinfFigf isformed-'f Withftvevrows I 5 :thus-A4 providing-,E five -diierent keys .for yoperating-theflock Sleeves :with -a lesserl or: lgreater'num-ber off-:rows .fI 5maybe A:provided n nali-ingk system theA sleeve may befprovidedfwithes.;

many'rows- -I5 of, apertures iI'Ifas there-are -sta-J tions;... InVlarge systems; .-however; thePsame com bination may. bewused f or moreYthanonel station f since 4itis pessiblerto'provide'the sleevewi-thfsay,n

tenformore rows of apertures and suchlrepeatedf:

use will fnotinterfere.Withethem arrangement -ofthe *locks` inapredeterminedorder of operation along-the-watchmans route accordingftothe suc.- cession-=ofl combinations determined byu-,he sleeve.`r

Any -desiredt number fof l-pin tumblers. may be employed asin ordinarylocks, a setrof 'eight .pin

tumblers being shown andpdescribed vfor purpose of..illustr-ation.- TheVkeyvvay shaft 5 isprovided witha row of eig-htpi-nways I9-in-which are-dis-.=A

posed a like number of. pins: .20.

Assuming-that--thes1eeve'f-'I3is'in sucha posi-- tion that I the first,third,- .sixthv and eighth tum Y bier. pins from the-.endat/which-thekeyI isl in. serted are permitted ltor-pass therethroughpas:v

indicatedfinV Figs.. 1 .and `:Zmand at line. I5Aof Fig'.6,.asuita'blekey .22' .will lift-` the rst,.third, sixthr-andzeighthy pinsl -anfamount necessary to rmove the .correspond-ingtumblerk pins Il) withwhich'they are in endwise contact untilthe lower.

ends' Vof 'said tumbler pins-no longer yextendbeyond--Lthe sleeves` In.thisposition the key 22llispermitted to turnand-lactuate the shaftl5,-thecircumference of -the shaft/'5 movingrelati've-to the sleeve I3and to the tumbler pins IEI registering with the apertures II.

Upon suchactuation of 'the key, the sleeve I3 is moved to a new positionso as` to bring the'neXt adjacent row I5v 'of apertures, indicated inFig. 6 by the line I5B,l into lalignment.with'the tumbler pins I0. Thisis accomplished by a pair 'of mesh;

ing "gears 25l `and 21, the :gear 2 5" being "carried on'and rotatablerelative' to Ythe keyway shaft 5` and the gear Z'Ibeing-fastenedto thecore '1 'of the tumblermagazine to rotate therewith in bore 8 :and `inbearing I2 inendpl'ate I4 ofthe lock;

a circumferential row ofnotches 29 "(Fi'g.- 6)'.A TheW magazine 'I isprovided Witha detent 3l contained in a socket "32 `and having its end33j as shown irl-"Fig'L-, beveledv so as to engageY the notches 29 ofthe l'sleeve' 'for Vmovement* with the `magazine in `one direction'ofrotation and to slip'out v of f the notches 2S against the biais ofspring-34 Vwhen'the movement of the-magazineis reversed by reverse jmovement'of' the key 22.5- Mounted onitheend 'oftionfofthe' sleevefIBfTh'eigear. 25'has an-opening. to receive Athe :en'df42 or toe oft thekey 22`.

When'thef keyway vshaft 5 is`A actuated,.ithe gear-y 22 .during ya partturngwhic'h rmay beabout' EOP,

tate', for example clockwiseXFig. 5) ,ztodrive the gear 21.counterclockwise'past the pawl 35i`` Ther movement of the gears 25",`2'I,acting througlrthe l:

detent l3 I `causes the-sleeve I3 tobe `revolveditc-t` getherrwith thefmag'frzinef'l.` During the reverse#` movement ofthe keywayshaft 5thef'pawl 35de: adapted toengage onelofl-the-notches -29 and hold.;-

their sleeve I3 in the -pesitiomtorwhich it hasibeeni':

` chief;differencesisare'tim the'.y constructibnfr of ...th

62 advancedswhilertherdetentf is^'-'adapted"torbecammed-riinwardlyffbeneatliheportionrof the sleeve sbetw'eexr two.notchesVl 291; To 'accurately centerxtherow'of sockets S--Sofffthevmagazine" 'I ;the"flockunti1.=the lock hasbeen successively" actu-:1

ated@byallrithefother keys correspondingvfto theseries:oflicombination's' determined by the 'sleevew in-relationtofth'ef tumbler magazine.

Iri order to yminimize-fthe `'chance-*of fanyonei -lo`ckThuspanyonel:attempting 'to' pick :the lock rtleLlockiitolimitlthelrotational-movementofthe r shaflt 5,1"2fo'rf4example ito90f asl above `indicated Itwillsnowlbe apparent' that notbnlytmustth'e' corre'ctfkeybusedidr the initial-and each "subsequentoperatimsil 'ofth' -lock of this embodiment, butthat even '.if-rv ake'yis used which; *thoughop-v erating fthe# pin tumblers` --tounlocking "position," does not establi's-hrthej-fdriving connectioxrbetween-the shaft 5 and' the --gears 25,121 the combinationiwill'inotebe'damaged-1L Iii-a 'watchman's" "system arrangedto"Irequireajgiven:succession of keys. -for operation f of lthelsuccessive `vstations in thevroute' this yfailure' #to 1 operate 1 any-lock-fmay be utilized lto produce-:an -al'arm cenditi'oriflas "dis-f"No. 415,863, Patent No. 2,376,389. The-succession established-'by-apertiiredsleevel 3 of the present inventionflwhich is-.rotatedztorsuccessivev 'positions in' theopel-ation fof fthe :lock -fby thekey," thereforemay constitute anvim'portant featureof? `a fromt thepossibility-i2v ofw successfully f being'-A tampered withr-orzfoperated-otherwise than -as 1 intended:

Referrin'gffto. Figs; 4 ftev 9,@ the vmultiplel "-com- I keywayshaft :12and: thernumberfofmurnblerpins utilized' f infeach *of fthefeighi:pin'ftumbiersit The'` otherfzparts Whichfare present `inn-the automaticlockf; I have fbeenfsfor rexpe'diency'identifdiby" correspondingfreerencefcharacters.

Allexcept one at 80. The pins 20 inserted in pines,

edge as shown in Fig. 4. v'I'he tumbler pins I8 which bear on these fiatupper ends of pins 28 thus are all brought into the plane of the shelfsurface and upon rotation of the keyway shaft 12 in the direction of thearrow in Fig. 7 will be cammed by the shelves 16 and 18 upwardly throughthe respective sleeve apertures I1 into their sockets 9 until the endsof pins 20 bear on the cylindrical surface of the shaft 12. The cutawayportions 16 and 18 are on the same side of v the row of pinways 14 sothat the combination changing key 82 can only be revolved in onedirection, that is counterclockwise as viewed in Fig. '1, beingprevented from revolving in clockwise direction by projecting pins I8,Fig. 4. The fth pin 84 in pinway 80 extends downwardly into thekeywayshaft 12 from thecircumference thereof when engaged by a notch 86 in thecombination changing key 82 so that only a key of this characterwhichprovides an initial parting between pins at the shelves 1'6, 18 andparting ofpin 84 at the circumference of the shaft, that is at thesurface of sleeve I3, can be used to change the combination of the lock.It will be understood that the location along the shaft 12' of the part85 which is not cut away and surrounds pin 84 and the correspondinglocation of the notch 86 along the keyway can be varied for differentsets of locks. Within the scope of the invention the pins 28 in sockets14 of the lock of Fig. 4 may be made of different lengths and the masterkey 82 may be suitably formed to bring the upper flat ends of the pins28 flush with the shelves 16, 18 so that the parting between pins 28 andpins I0 may be accomplished. The notch 86, however, must be such as willbring the upper flat vend of the pin 84 flush with the circumference ofshaft 12 as above described.

The key 82 is provided with a toe 42 which enters the opening or notch48 of gear 25 meshing with gear 21 to rotate sleeve I3 in the samemanner as described above inconnection with Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5. Thecombination thus may be changed by the operation of the lock by key 82from that shown in Fig. 4 to that, for example, shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

In Figs. 4, 8 and 9 the lock is provided with an additional tumbler pin98 in each socket 9 which bears upon the flat upper ends of the tumblerpins I8 in sockets 9. When the lock is operated by key 82 to change thecombination the pins 98 are pushed up into' the sockets by pinsIU-bearing initially on shelves 16, 18 and then on the cylindricalsurface of shaft 12 until any initially projecting pins I8 no longerproject through' the sleeve I3.. Upon registering of a new set-ofapertures I1 in the sleeve I3 a new set of pins vI will project throughthe apertures of said sleeve following the pins 20 down into pinways 14upon withdrawal of the key. The pins I8 are of varying length and one ormore may pass entirely out of the tumbler magazine sockets 9 and havetheir upper flat surfaces outside of this magazine and outside of thesleeve I3 so as to be ineffective for locking. By providing the pins 98which follow the pins I8 down upon removal of the key one or more ofthese pins 98 will remain in socket 9 and will have its end projectingthrough the registering sleeve apertures I1 into the pinways 14ofthekeyway shaft 12 to effect locking of the The position of theseveral pins for unlocking operation of the lock and the form of key 92for this operation are shown in Fig. 9. This key does not have a toeentering notch 48 and, therefore,

lis incapable of actuating gears'25, 21 for changing the combination.The parting of the tumbler pins is effected by key 92 only at thesurface of the sleeve I3, that is at the cylindrical surface of theshaft 12 between certain of the pins I8 and 98 except for the partingalso at said surface between pins 84 and I8. The pins 20 are retained inpinways 14, for the most part preferably below the shelves 16, 18 sothat they may be raised to the surfaces of the shelves in operation ofthe A.lock by the master key as above described.

In Fig. 4, the second, third, sixth and seventh tumbler pins I8 areshown extending through the sleeve I3 to meet the pins 28 at the surfaceof the cut-away areas 16'and 18. While these pins Ywill preventclockwise movement of the combina-` tion changing master key 82, asviewed from the right in Fig. 4, they do not prevent counterclockwisemovement thereof because the cutaway portions 16 and 18 function toraise the .pins I8, 28, 98 upwardly in the pinways |9jand sockets 9against the bias of springs II prior to movement of the sleeve from onetumbler combination position to another,

The lock 18 is provided with a lug 96 (Figs. Y

4, 8 and 9) which is adapted to engagev the head of the regular lockoperating key 92 which' permits rotation of this key in the clockwisedirection, that is, opposite to the rotation (counterclockwise) of thecombination changing key 82. The key 82 is provided with a notch 98 sothat the lug 96 cannot interfere with its movement in the operation ofchanging the combination..v

pins 58 and 68. The location of the stop 68 will depend upon thecircumferential spacing between the rows I5 of apertures I1 in thesleeve I3 as is described in connection with Figs. l, 2, 3 and 5.

Fig. 5 may be taken as a section on line 5-5 of Fig. 4 and thedescription in connection therewith applies also to the lock of Figs. 4,8 and 9.`

' With the key 82 inserted in the lock and engaging the gear 25, themagazine 1 and the,` sleeve I3, as hereinbefore described, will berotated to a new position providing a new combination when the lock isoperated by the superintendent by means of the master key 82. In awatchmans tour system the watchman may use but one key for all Stationsto be visited when the system is provided with this type of lock. Shouldthe key become lost or stolen, the superintendent or other authorizedperson may, by using the combination changing key 82, actuate each ofthe locks and issue a new key to the watchman; Thus, by using this typeof lock there will be no need of replacing the several locks when a keybecomes missing or the authorities become suspicious that someunauthorized person has obtained a dupli# cate key. When this type oflock is adopted a rotation of keys is not used and any desired number ofstations may befoperated by the same operatinglkeyavhen the stationsallv are equipped with such locks set at the same combination.Any'suitable numberof combinations may be provided as Withfthe -lockshown in Figs. 1 and'2, as detery mined bythe rows of apertures I1 insleeve I3. It

system utilizing the combination determiningsleeves of the invention byproviding in thekey- Way'shafts keyways and keys .insertable thereinoffdiierent cross sections, that'is, of different cross sectionalcontour as determined by the usual. longitudinally extending ridgesgrooves and vridges in thekey. For each ofthe different isleeves whichitis possible to design for operation with eachV of a large numberofdifferent pin tumbler constructions insertable in a givenlocka largenumber of differentkeyways may be designed By arranging the locks or thelock stationsin groups, each group having .a dif- `ferent keyway,'thesame sleeve or series of sleeves Vmaybe used with the different /keywayshafts.

-The order of the tour may be determined by such a group arrangement orin some other predetermined Inanner having regard to the need fordifferent Vkeysin the diiferent keyWay shafts.

YI"claim:

1. A combination changing lock comprising a keywayrshaft having .akeywayand pinways communicating. with said keywaya pin tumbler magazinehaving a set of `pin tumblers, a tumfblencombination determining elementoperableto aplurality of positions to provide access ofselectedjpintumblers of said magazine in each such positionto respectivepinways of saidshaft so as'to be actuatable by a key in said keyway, andmeans providing an' operative connection i between said keyway shaft andsaid element to effectwrnovement'of lsaid element to a selected pintumbler "combination vdetermining position upon operation Vof saidlockby said key.

2'. In` aA combination changing lock provided with a; keyway shafthaving a keyway for receivinga' key and having a' plurali-ty of pinwayscommunicating with Vsaid keyway, a pin tumbler magazine-associated withYsaid keyvvay shaft, said pin-'tumbler magazine having a socketregisterable--Witheachof said pinways of said keyway shaftandy tumblerpins respectively in said sockets land means for 4resiliently urgingsaid pin tumblers along'sai-d sockets Vtoward said keyway shaft sofas to-passfintosaid shaft pinways when said pinways are Vin register andcommunicating with saidsockets,l the combination of tumbler combi-Ination'determinngmeans actuatable successive- 1y to predeterminedpositions relative to said shaftand constructed to restrain in selectedposltionscertain pin tumblers from entering said pinways in said keywayshaft while permitting othersto enter their respective pinways, andmeans-providing anV operative connection between -said keyway shaft andsaid Ytumbler combination-determiningmeans for actuating said means'to'saidsuccessive positions upon operation of -said lock.

3: -Al combination"4 changing" lock comprising va keyWayshaft, apintumbler magazine'arranged andgroovesrinthe keyway and the4complementary adjacent ,said vkeywayfshaft and having a set ofpin--tumblers actuatable by a keyinserted in said keywayA shaft, atumbler' combination'determining element separatefromsaid keyvvay'shaftand associated-with said magazine, said element having apluralityof sets`of Iapertures and being operableto apluralit-yjof positions in each-ofwhich selectedtapertures `of a selected-setjare in registerwith'selected pin` tumblers in-'said magazine Vto 'permit vsaid selectedtumblers to ypass through said apertures forengagement thereof-by saidkeypfor'unlocking operation ofsaid'lock,A and meanssprovidinganoperative connection be- `tween'said/keyvvay-shaft'and Vsaid element toefferct'rnovement'of Asaid element relative to said keyWay-shajft'tojaselected pintumbler combination'determining position upon said'unlocking operation of said'lock by said key.v

4; A combination changinglock .according to claimt in which saidoperativeconnection includes meansrfor eiecting said movement of saidelementfforwardlyin said'unlocking operation of said. lock by said 'keysand for preventing movementjrom the selected position until said shaftagainismovedin. a succeeding unlocking operation of said lock.

V5. .A combination changing lock according to claim 3 in which saidoperative connection in,- cludes` saidskeyinserted in said keyway.

6l. A. combination changing lock comprising a keywayshaft forreceivinga, key, a pin tumbler magazine arranged adjacent said ,keywayshaft andhaving a. set of vpintumblers actuatable by saidkey, a tumblercombination determining relementiassociatedlwith said -magazine having aplnralityof .setsl of fapertures, saidtumbler combination determiningelement .'beingarranged to be..movable relativeto said keyway shaftandrel- ,ative tosaid. magazine to a plurality of positions in. .each ofwhich selected `apertures V`of a selected setarein register withselected pin tumblers -of said magazine and with the keywayin )said key?way shaft, `and -means lproviding an operative .connectionbetween 4saidkeyway shaft and said elementto `effectmovement .of said element toaselected. pinr tumblercombination determining position uponmovement ofsaid keyway shaft 4in the. operation Yof said lock-bya-key ,inserted insaidkeyway shaft..

7. .A combinationchanging lock comprisinga keyway ,shaftfor .receivingva key, a -pin tumbler magazine. arrangedadjacentsaid shaft and having arow of pin tumblerstherein actuable by said key, a tumblercombinationdetermining elementhavinga .pluralityof rows of. apertures andarranged'to `be ,movable between and with respect to 4said pin tumblermagazine and said shaft'to any one ofaplurality of .positions with theapertures of a row in register with said row of tumbierl pins ofthemagazine to permit said registeringitumblers to Upass throughsaidapertures fnengagement thereof by a -key in said .keyway shaft, andmeans providing an operative connectionv between saidkeywayshaft andsaid element to effect movement of said element from one position ofregistering a row of apertures with a'row, of pin tumblers to ,anotherupon movement of said keyway shaft in the operation of the lockbysaidkey' inserted in said shaft.

(8; A'combination'changing lock comprising a barrelhavingytwoparallel'cylindrical bores in circumferentiallyintercommunicating relation, a keyway' shaft', of cylindrical formrotatabll mounted 'in one of said jbores andV havinga keywaythereinforreceivin'g a key, said keyway extending to the circumferenceof said cylindrical shaft, a cylindrical pin tumbler magazine having arow of pin tumblers therein arranged in sockets intersecting thecircumference of the cylindrical magazine, a cylindrical sleevesurrounding and rotatable relative to said pin tumbler magazine andhaving a plurality of rows of apertures in the wall thereof, theapertures of each row respectively lying in planes transverse to themagazine axis which include a pin tumbler, said magazine and itssurrounding sleeve being mounted in the other bore of said barrel,gearing operatively connected to said sleeve to rotate said sleeve uponoperation of said gearing, said gearing being operatively connectable tosaid keyway shaft by a key inserted in said keyway of said keyway shaftfor effecting rotation of said sleeve upon operation of said lock bysaid key so as to register a row of apertures of said sleeve with saidintercommunication between said bores.

9. A combination changing lock comprising a keyway shaft rotatable uponits axis and having a keyway for receiving a key, a pin tumbler magazinehaving therein a row of sockets and arranged adjacent said shaft toposition said row of sockets extending along said shaft, a pin tumblerin each socket actuatable by a key in said keyway, a rotatable tumblercombination determining element having a plurality of rows of aperturestherein extending along the axis of rotation of said element, saidelement being rotatable on its axis with respect to said pin tumblermagazine and with respect to said shaft successively to bring said rowsof apertures into register with said row of sockets in said magazine,the spacing of the apertures in each row corresponding to the spacing ofselected sockets in said pin tumbler magazine to permit the pins thereinto passV through said apertures for engagement by said key, and gearingoperatively connectible to said rotatable element and to said keywayshaft to rotate said element upon rotation of said shaft.

l0. A combination changing lock according to claim 9 in which saidgearing includes a gear rotatable on and relative to said keyway shaft,said gear being provided with means for engaging said keyv inserted insaid keyway shaft so as to permit initial rotation of said key and ofsaid keyway shaft to initiate the unlocking operation of said lock andthereafter to effect movement of saidrotatable element a circumferentialdistance equal to the spacing between two rows of said apertures in saidelement.

1l. A combination changing lock according to claim 8 in which in theoperation of said lock said keyway shaft is rotated forwardly and thenin reverse and in which said gearing is connected to said magazine torotate said magazine within its bore, means connecting said magazine tosaid sleeve to rotate said sleeve concomitantly with the rotation ofsaid magazine in the forward rtation of said shaft, and means forpreventing reverse rotation of said sleeve upon reverse rotation of saidmagazine effected by reverse rotation of said shaft.

12. A combination changing lock according to claim 8 in which in theoperation of said lock said keyway shaft is rotated forwardly and thenin reverse and in which said gearing is connected to said magazine torotate said magazine within its bore, means connecting said magazine tosaid sleeve to rotate said sleeve concomitantly with the rotation ofsaid magazine in the forward rotation of said shaft, means forpreventing reverse rotation of said sleeve upon reverse rotation of saidmagazine effected by reverse rotation of said shaft, and means forlimiting the rotational movement of said sleeve to bring a predeterminedrow of said apertures in said sleeve in register with saidintercommunication between said bores.

13. A combination changing lock according to claim 1 in which said meansproviding an operative connection between said keyway shaft and said pintumbler combination determining element includes a key inserted in saidkeyway of said keyway shaft, said keyway shaft also being capable ofreceiving a key of predetermined form preventing said operativeconnection but engaging the tumblers of a predetermined combination toactuate said lock.

14. A combination changing lock comprising a keyway shaft having akeyway and pinways communicating with said keyway, a pin tumblermagazine having a set of pin tumblers, a tumbler combination determiningelement operable to a plurality of positions to provide access ofselected pin tumblers of said magazine in each such position torespective pinways of said shaft, pins in ysaid shaft pinways actuatableby a key in said keyway to engage said pin tumblers when made accessiblethereto by said element, said shaft being actuatable in unlocking andlocking operation of said lock for each position of said element by akey of particular contour cooperating with said pins in said shaftpinways to actuate said pin tumblers to shaft releasing position, saidshaft being formed to be actuatable for any position of said elementonly in a predetermined direction by a key of predetermined contourcooperating with said pins in said shaft pinways to move said pintumbler to shaft releasing position.

15. A combination changing lock comprising a keyway shaft having akeyway and pinways communicating with said keyway., a pin tumblermagazine having a set of pin tumblers, a tumbler combination determiningelement operable to a plurality of positions to provide access ofselected pin tumblers of said magazine in each such position torespective pinways of said shaft, pins in said shaft pinways actuatableby a key in said keyway to engage said pin tumblers when made accessiblethereto by said element, said shaft being actuatable in unlocking andlocking operation of said lock for each position of said element by akey of particular form cooperating with said pins in said shaft pinways,and means including a key of predetermined form cooperating with saidpins in said pinways to effect initial unlocking movement and providingan operative connection between said keyway shaft and said element toeffect movement of said element to a selected pin tumbler combinationdetermining position upon actuation of said shaft.

16. A combination lock comprising a pin tumbler magazine having a row ofpin tumblers therein, a keyway shaft having a row of pinways inalignment with said row of pin tumblers and having a portion cut awayalong said row of pinways to expose certain of said pinways at least atone side thereof, a tumbler combination determiningV element having aplurality of rows of apertures and operable to positions to provideaccess of selected pin tumblers of said magazine to respective pinwaysof said shaft, pins in said shaft pinways, and a key shaped to positionthe pins in said pinways and any tumbler pins of said magazine which mayextend into said pinways with the parting line between pins at thesurface of said cut-away portion to permit rotation of 13 said shaft inthe direction opposite to the side thereof which is cut away, wherebysaid pins extending from said magazine into said pinways are cammed bysaid surface to move into said magazine to permit operation of saidelement to different combination determining positions.

17. A combination changing lock according to claim 8 in which saidcylindrical shaft is provided with a row of pinways lengthwise thereofand with each pinway in the transverse plane of a pin tumbler of saidmagazine, said shaft being formed with a surface undercut below thecircumferential surface of said shaft and transverse to said pinways,and pins in said pinways for engaging said pin tumblers throughregistering apertures of said sleeve, said pins being of predeterminedlength in relation to a key of predetermined contour inserted in saidkeyway to position said pins with their pin tumbler engaging surfacecoincident with said undercut surface,

whereby upon rotation of said shaft in the initial operation of saidlock, said pin tumblers are "brought into contact with thecircumferential surface of said shaft to disengage said sleeve therefromso as to be rotatable relative to said magazine.

18. A combination changing lock according to claim 8 in which saidcylindrical shaft is provided with a row of pinways lengthwise thereofand with each pinway in the transverse plane of a pin tumbler of saidmagazine, said shaft being formed with a surface undercut below thecircumferential surface of said shaft and transverse to said pinways,and pins in said pinways for engaging said pin tumblers throughregistering apertures of said sleeve, said pins being of predeterminedlength in relation to a key of predetermined contour inserted in saidkeyway to position said pins with their pin tumbler engaging surfacecoincident with said undercut surface, whereby upon rotation of saidshaft in the initial operation of said lock said pin tumblers arebrought into contact with the circumferential surface of said shaft todisengage said sleeve therefrom so as to be rotatable relative to saidmagazine, said shaft having at least one pinway which extends to saidcircumferential surface of said shaft when a key having therein a notchof predetermined depth in which said pin rests is inserted in the keywayof said shaft.

19. In a tumbler combination lock having a pin tumbler magazine providedwith a plurality 14 of tumbler pins therein, a keyway shaft having akeyway for receiving a key and provided with pinways registerable withsaid tumbler pins and containing pins actuatable 'by said key to engagelsaid tumbler pins, said shaft having a plurality of Y surfaces forcoincidence of the ends of some of said tumbler pins with one surfaceand of other tumbler pins with another of said surfaces when said pinsare held in unlocking position by a key of predetermined contour in saidkeyway, one of said surfaces merging circumferentially of said shaftinto another of said surfaces to bring certain of said tumbler pin endsin coincidence with said other surface upon rotation of said shaft inunlocking operation of the lock.

20. In a combination changing locks as defined in claim 2, pins in saidshaft pinways engageable by said key and engaging said tumbler pinsentering said pinways from said sockets and actuating said tumbler pinsto unlocking position to release said tumbler combination determiningmeans to move to a succeeding position.

21. A combination changing lock comprising a keyway shaft for receivinga key, a pin tumbler magazine associated with said keyway shaft andhaving a set of pin tumblers actuatable by a key inserted in said keywayshaft, a tumbler combination determining element separate from saidkeyway shaft and associated with said magazine, said element beingoperable to a plurality of positions with respect to said magazine todetermine selected pin tumblers of said magazine for engagement by saidkey inserted in said keyway shaft, and means providing an operativeconnection between said keyway shaft and said element to effect movementof said element to selected pin tumbler combination determiningpositions upon operation of said lock by said key.

EDWARD A. SCHACHINGER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,896,319 Littell et al Feb. 7,1933 1,967,042 Schachinger July 17, 1934 1,590,232 Fremon June 29, 19261,093,817 Williams Apr.v 21, 1914 1,855,224 Connell et al Apr. 26, 1932Certificate of Correction Potent No. 2,427,814. September 23, 1947.EDWARD A. SCHAOHIN GER It is hereby certified that errors appear in theprinted specification of the above numbered patent requiring correctionas follows: In the heading to the printed specification, line 5, for theserial number 415,683 read `415,863; column 4, line 36, for line 55"read Zine 5-5 co1umn'14, line 16, for looks read lock; and that the saidLetters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that thesame may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 20th day of January, A. D. 1948.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

